From Social Media to Empathic Artificial Intelligence: Applying Past Lessons to Future Technologies [PDF]→

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Rodriguez, M., Motyl, M., & Schroeder, J. (Accepted). From social media to empathic artificial intelligence: Applying past lessons to future technologies. In Cameron, C. D., & Perry, A. (Eds.) Empathy and Artificial Intelligence: Challenges, Advances, and Ethical Considerations. Cambridge University Press.

  • Short Summary: This chapter synthesizes two decades of research on social media to extract lessons for new forms of social technology like GenAI. It recommends future research on social technology consider three sources of heterogeneity — 1) the type and features of the technology, 2) how it is used, and 3) who is using it — to better understand how tech will affect social life.

  • This chapter leverages the Neely Social Media Index and Neely Technology Indices. Interested readers can see the links for more information. 

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Spoken Disagreement Is More Constructive Than Written Disagreement [PDF]→

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Bevis, B., Schroeder, J., & Yeomans, M. (Accepted). Spoken disagreement is more constructive than written disagreement. Nature Communications.

  • Short Summary: A series of randomized experiments find that spoken conversations with a disagreeing counterpart lead to greater understanding, lower conflict, more favorable impressions of one’s counterpart, and greater attitude alignment than written ones (6 studies).

  • Materials, Data, Analysis Code, and Preregistrations

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Gaps in LLM Awareness, Usage, and Perceptions in the United States: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey [PDF]→

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Angrisani, M., Casanova, M., Fast, N. J., Narang, J., & Schroeder, J. (Accepted). Gaps in LLM awareness, usage, and perceptions in the United States: Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey. PNAS Nexus.

  • Short Summary: Across two survey waves spanning one year with more than 12,000 nationally representative U.S. adults, we observed marked gaps in LLM usage: groups more likely to use LLMs included men, younger adults, those with college education and higher incomes, individuals in more analytical occupations (e.g., STEM), Democratic-leaning respondents, and those with above-median cognitive ability, internet literacy, and openness to experience. These usage gaps do not appear to be declining.

  • Data available on the Understanding America Survey website: https://uasdata.usc.edu/index.php (datasets UAS 574 and UAS 607)

  • Analysis code

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Does Thinking About God Increase Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making? [PDF]→

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Moore, D. A., Schroeder, J., Bailey, E. R., Gershon, R., Moore, J. E., & Simmons, J. P. (2024). Does thinking about God increase acceptance of artificial intelligence in decision making? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Letter to Editor), 121(31), e2402315121. [PNAS Link]

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Feeling Known Predicts Relationship Satisfaction [PDF]→

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Schroeder, J., & Fishbach, A. (2024). Feeling known predicts relationship satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 111, 1-15. [Science Direct Link]

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Imperfectly Human: The Humanizing Potential of (Corrected) Errors in Text-Based Communication [PDF]→

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Bluvstein, S.*, Zhao, X.*, Barasch, A., & Schroeder, J. (2024). Imperfectly human: The humanizing potential of (corrected) errors in text-based communication. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 9(3), 332-343. [Article Link]

  • Short Summary: This paper shows that online communicators (e.g., customer service agents) who make and then correct typos are seen as more likely to be human (vs. AI) than communicators who don't make any typos or make but don't correct their typos (7 experiments).

  • Data, Materials, and Preregistrations

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The Ordinary And Extraordinary Struggle of Social Life: Perceiving, Understanding, And Connecting with Other Minds [PDF]→

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Schroeder, J. (2024). The ordinary and extraordinary struggle of social life: Perceiving, understanding, and connecting with other minds. In Carlston, D., Johnson, K., & Hugenberg, K. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition. Oxford University Press. [The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition Link]

  • Short Summary: This chapter highlights challenges and opportunities for mind perception (how people attribute mental capacity to others) and mind reading (how people assess others’ mental states) through the lens of six different types of “minds.” Three minds illustrate forms of mind perception—invisible minds, those we cannot directly experience, dehumanized minds, those that seem weaker than our own, and anthropomorphized minds, those that we perceive but may not actually exist. The other three illustrate mind reading—misread and misunderstood minds, those that are apparent but not accurately inferred, and unlocked minds, those that can be accurately read using effective communication.

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A Voice Inside My Head: The Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Auditory Technologies [PDF]→

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Lieberman, A., Schroeder, J., & Amir, O. (2022). A voice inside my head: The psychological and behavioral consequences of auditory technologies. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 170, 104133. [Science Direct Link]

  • Short Summary: This paper shows that listening to a message using headphones, compared to using speakers, increases a listener's felt closeness to the communicator(s) of the message because headphones localize sound inside a listener’s head (5 experiments).

  • Data, Materials, and Preregistrations

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“Just Letting You Know...” Underestimating Others’ Desire for Constructive Feedback. [PDF]→

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Abi-Esber, N., Abel, J. E., Schroeder, J., & Gino, F. (2022). “Just letting you know...” Underestimating others’ desire for constructive feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(6), 1362–1385. [APA PsycNet Link]

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Talking Shop: An Exploration of How Talking about Work Affects Our Initial Interactions [PDF]→

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Martin, S. R., Harrison, S. H., Hoopes, C., Schroeder, J., & Belmi, P. R. (2022). Talking shop: An exploration of how talking about work affects our initial interactions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 168, 104104. [Science Direct Link]

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When Alterations are Violations: Moral Outrage and Punishment in Response to (Even Minor) Alterations to Rituals [PDF]→

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Stein, D. H., Schroeder, J., Hobson, N. M., Gino, F., & Norton, M. I. (2022). When alterations are violations: Moral outrage and punishment in response to (even minor) alterations to rituals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(1), 123–153.[APA PsycNet Link]

  • Short Summary: This paper documents the sacrosanct nature of rituals: Because group rituals symbolize sacred group values, even minor alterations to them provoke moral outrage and punishment. We find that the more that ingroup members believe their rituals symbolize their sacred group values, the more they protect their rituals— by punishing those who violate them (7 primary studies, 3 supplemental studies).

  • Data, Materials, Preregistrations, and Audit

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Keep Talking: (Mis)understanding The Hedonic Trajectory of Conversation [PDF]→

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Kardas, M., Schroeder, J., & O'Brien, E. (2022). Keep talking: (Mis)understanding the hedonic trajectory of conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(4), 717–740. [APA PsycNet Link]

  • Short Summary: This paper shows that people misunderstand the hedonic trajectory of conversation. They expect their enjoyment to decline as a conversation continues but instead experience stable or increasing enjoyment in reality (5 experiments).

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Hello, Stranger? Pleasant Conversations are Preceded by Concerns About Starting One [PDF]→

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Schroeder, J., Lyons, D., & Epley, N. (2022). Hello, stranger? Pleasant conversations are preceded by concerns about starting one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(5), 1141–1153. [APA PsycNet Link]

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Work Group Rituals Enhance The Meaning of Work [PDF]→

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Kim, T., Sezer, O., Schroeder, J., Risen, J., Gino, F., & Norton, M.I. (2021). Work group rituals enhance the meaning of work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 165, 197-212. [Science Direct Link]

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Human “Resources”? Objectification at Work [PDF]→

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Belmi, P., & Schroeder, J. (2021). Human “resources”? Objectification at work. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(2), 384-417.[APA PsycNet Link]

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When “Enemies” Become Close: Relationship Formation Among Palestinians and Jewish Israelis at a Youth Camp [PDF]→

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White, S., Schroeder, J., & Risen, J. L. (2021). When “enemies” become close: Relationship formation among Palestinians and Jewish Israelis at a youth camp. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121(1), 76-94. [APA PsycNet Link]

  • Short Summary: This paper uses 7 years of data from Jewish Israeli and Palestinian teenagers attending a three-week summer camp (Seeds of Peace) to show that propinquity (here, being quasi-randomly assigned to share an activity group together) increases the formation of outgroup relationships more than ingroup relationships (1 longitudinal field study). Thus, at least in this setting, propinquity counteracted homophily.

  • Winner of the 2021 SPSP Cialdini Prize

  • Materials

  • Note regarding data: Due to confidentiality concerns from the Institutional Review Board, we cannot publicly post data. Interested researchers can contact jschroeder@berkeley.edu directly to learn more about the data, and to submit a joint IRB protocol for access to the data.

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